Washington Court allows claim against Amazon based on plaintiffs' decedent's suicide

 Long time readers of this blog may remember that I have posted a number of times about cases dealing with whether Amazon can (or should) be considered a "seller" for purposes of product liability law.  (Go here and scrolḷ down.)

The most recent of those cases involved that claims of the families of three teenagers and a young adult who died after ingesting sodium nitrite purchased on Amazon. The trial judge denied a motion to dismiss the complaint but the Washington Court of Appeals reversed, finding that the plaintiffs could not support the element of duty because the decedents had intentionally misused the product.

I am writing about this today because earlier this week, the Washington Supreme Court unanimously reversed holding that the plaintiffs could continue to pursue their claim against Amazon.  You can read more about the case in Courthouse News Service, and you can read the decision of the court here.

In deciding the case, the court rejected the so-called "suicide rule" which is still in place in many jurisdictions and according to which the act of suicide is, as a matter of law, a superseding cause that defeats the cause of action.  The court's rejection of this rule follows a recent ruling in Nevada and what appears to be a new trend on the issue. Go here for more on that story.

 

US Supreme Court: state requirement of certificate of merit in malpractice case does not apply in federal court

In one of the first reported decisions of the term, the US Supreme Court has decided that a state law requirement (to file a certificate of merit) in a medical malpractice case should not apply if the claim is filed in Federal Court.

The case is called Berk v. Choy.

You can read a summary and comment on it in SCOTUS blog.

Yet another lawsuit filed against ChatGPT for its alleged role in a user's suicide

 Since August of last year I have seen several cases filed in different jurisdictions against AI platforms alleging in one or another that the platform contributed to a person's decision to commit suicide.  See here, and here.  I also reported on the fact that Nevada decided to abandoned the so-called "suicide rule" which will make it less difficult to support a prima face case for injuries caused by suicide.  See here.

So, today I am reporting on yet another case filed against ChatGPT.  In this one, the mother of a man who killed himself after conversing with the chatbot is suing the generative artificial intelligence company OpenAI and its CEO and founder, Sam Altman. According to the article, the mother alleges that the AI platform coached her son into suicide, even while he told ChatGPT that he did not want to die.

You can read more about this case here.

Another lawsuit filed against makers of ChatGPT based on the AI platform's alleged role in a suicide

 I recently posted a comment on a case filed by the parents of a minor suing the makers of ChatGPT alleging that the AI platform helped their son commit suicide (see here).

Now comes news that a similar lawsuit has been filed in California.  In this one, in its capacity as executor to a deceased woman, a bank filed the claim against the maker of ChatGPT arguing that the platform was responsible for inducing a mentally unstable son to kill his elderly mother and then commit suicide.

Courthouse News Service has the full story here, and NPR has a brif audio commentary here.

School district may be liable for bullying on school bus

I have blogged before on cases that discuss whether a school or school district can be liable for bullying (see here).  Now comes news that a federal court in Pennsylvania recently allowed portions of a couple’s civil rights complaint to proceed against a school district after their autistic 6-year-old son was allegedly beaten on a school bus on two separate occasions. They have plausibly alleged certain school officials placed the child in harm’s way by ignoring warnings about another student with documented, violent behavior.  You find a link to the decision here.

Puerto Rico Senate adopts bill to eliminate joint and several liability

 About two weeks ago, the Puerto Rico Senate approved a bill to undo over 120 years worth of precedents and eliminate joint and several liability in Torts cases.  

If you have followed this blog for some time, or are familiar with my work, you won’t be surprised to know that I think this is a bad result.  I have, in fact, authored several law review and law journal articles in defense of joint and several liability.

Interestingly, even though some people think that law review articles are irrelevant and that no one reads them, the preamble to this new bill cites two of those articles of mine and includes a long quote from one of them.  In both articles I explained why it is a bad idea to do what the bill does, but I guess the authors of the bill thought their project would not be convincing unless they explicitly tried to refute my work. 

This is not the first time that lawmakers have tried to eliminate joint and several liability in Puerto Rico.  Most recently, it had been part of the proposal for a new Civil Code in the early 2000s and then again in 2019-2020.  For good reasons, though, both times, the propoal was quickly defeated and did not make it to the new code.

Yet, now, with the backing of the insurance industry, and to the detriment of future injured plaintiffs, they got the bill through the Senate and it now awaits the Governor’s signature.  I heard there is a group of law professors trying to convince the Governor not to sign it, but I don’t know what to expect.  

If you can read Spanish you can take a look at the bill here.

Nevada Supreme Court abandons "suicide rule" and adopts proximate cause analysis for all suicide cases

 Long time readers of this blog may remember I have often posted about cases involving claims for wrongful death arising out of someone’s suicide.  (See here.)  These are always difficult cases, not only because of the underlying circumstances surrounding the death but also because, as you probably know, the prevailing approach to the issue is that suicide is a superseding cause as a matter of law.

Yet, I have noticed in recent years more courts are coming around to the view that this so-called “suicide rule” should be abandoned – a position I happen to agree with.  See my comments on cases from Tennessee, Arizona, Alabama and Illinois, for example.

So, today I am writing about this topic again, because the Supreme Court of Nevada just issued an opinion doing away with the suicide rule in a very well written opinion in a case called Bourne v. Valdes,  569 P.3d 971 (Nev. 2025).  As the court explained:

We conclude that a patient’s suicide does not preclude liability for medical malpractice as a matter of law.  Rather, like any other action alleging that a medical provider’s negligence caused injury or death to a patient, the ordinary principles of medical malpractice apply.  Consistent with existing Nevada medical malpractice law, a medical provider who is alleged to have provided negligent care to a patient owes a duty of care to that patient, regardless of whether the medical provider has control over, or custody of, the patient.  If the medical provider’s conduct is proven to fall below the standard of care, then “the crucial inquiry is whether the defendant’s negligent conduct led to or made it reasonably foreseeable that the deceased would commit suicide.” White v.  Lawrence, 975 S.W.2d 525, 530 (Tenn.  1998).  If the patient’s suicide is a foreseeable consequence of the medical provider’s negligence, then the medical provider may be held liable.  See Patricia C.  Kussmann, Annotation, Liability of Doctor, Psychiatrist, or Psychologist for Failure to Take Steps to Prevent Patient’s Suicide, 81 ALR 5th 167, § 4 (2000) . . .  However, where the patient’s suicide is not foreseeable, then the suicide is a superseding intervening cause, severing the causal chain and relieving the medical provider of liability for their negligence.  White, 975 S.W.2d at 530.  

I agree that this is the correct analysis that should be applied. Suicide is sometimes unforeseeable, but often it is foreseeable and plaintiffs should have the chance to prove it.  The notion that suicide should be considred to be unforeseeable as a matter of law is based on the notion that committing suicide goes so against human nature that it is inconceivable that someone would decide to do so.  The problem with this is that this view is not realistic.  Suicide is common.  In fact, it is one of the top leading causes of death among juveniles in the US.  And, if you take into account mental health issues, and known medication side effects, it is unrealistic to say that suicide is necessarily unforeseeable.  In many cases, it can fairly be argued (and proven) that it was totally foreseeable.

US Supreme Court opens term considering case under the Federal Torts Claims Act

 This week, the US Supreme Court heard oral arguments in a case involving the Federal Torts Claims Act.

In this case the plaintiff sued the federal government and the US Postal Service alleging damages because postal workers refused to deliver mail to the plaintiff’s property.  The lower court dismissed the claim, the Torts Claims Act recognizes immunity for the federal government in matters involving the handling of postal matters, which includes lost and delayed mail.  But the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, holding that intentional non-delivery is not a “loss,” “miscarriage,” or “negligent transmission” of mail, because those terms don’t cover intentional acts.

Here an article on the background of the case:  "How a mail delivery dispute made it to the Supreme Court."

Here is an article reviewing the oral argument: "Court debates lost catalogs and delayed Christmas cards while hearing case on intentionally undelivered mail."  

US Supreme Court to decide whether state limits on malpractice actions apply in federal court

The SCOTUS blog reports on an upcoming case:

Berk v. Choy, to be argued on Oct. 6, surely will be the Supreme Court case of the year for medical professionals. At issue in the case is the extent to which a set of common state statutes designed to stem medical malpractice litigation apply in federal court. If they don’t apply in federal court, victims who have a way to get into federal court will have a much easier time pursuing litigation against doctors than those who cannot.

The case involves Delaware’s “affidavit of merit” statute, something that dozens of states have passed in recent years. Although the details vary, the key concept is that for a medical malpractice action to proceed, the case either has to involve medical negligence that is pretty obvious – the doctor left a foreign object in the patient’s body, the doctor operated on the wrong person, the doctor operated on the wrong organ – or the plaintiff has to file with the complaint an affidavit from a medical professional attesting to the negligence of the doctor who is being sued. Because those affidavits are somewhat hard to come by – how many doctors want to help someone sue another doctor for malpractice? – they pose a serious obstacle to the pursuit of many medical malpractice claims.

.... To continue reading the story go to the SCOTUS blog here. 

Parents sue ChatGPT Company alleging the AI program helped their son commit suicide

 The parents of a 16-year-old who died by suicide sued OpenAI last week, claiming that ChatGPT encouraged their son to take his life and even provided detailed instructions on how to do so.  

Above the Law has a good comment on the issues raised by the case here.  On the one hand, it points out that "[w]hile the complaint criticizes ChatGPT for answering Raine’s questions about the technical aspects of various suicide methods, these read like simple search queries that he could’ve found through non-AI research. They’re also questions that someone could easily ask because they’re writing a mystery novel, so it’s hard to make the case that OpenAI had an obligation to prevent the bot from providing these answers. The fact that ChatGPT explained how nooses work will get a lot of media attention, but it seems like a red herring because it’s hard to imagine imposing a duty on OpenAI to not answer technical questions."

On the other hand, it discusses how troubling the AI's conversations about the child's actual intent to take his own life.  You should read the comment to see the details.

Courthouse News Service has more on the story here.

This is an interesting case, and it is worth keeping an eye on, but the first obstacle the plaintiffs will have to deal with is the fact that the defendant will likely argue that they can't meet the element of proximate cause because suicide is usually considered to be a superseding cause.